SPICED principles:
• Natural, accidental or intentional contaminations within the food chain are realistic events and have to be considered together, not individually.
• Measures against intentional attacks need to be based on available (food safety) systems.
• Food safety and food security are still a major concern in many EU member states due to repeated food borne outbreaks and issues caused by contamination.
• The complexity and vulnerability of food supply chains are correlated to available opportunities for pathogen transmission.
• Minor components hold major potential to contaminate a wide range of products in a large-scale distribution area.